Reparação da parede abdominal com membranas acelulares de pericárdio bovino - Parte I - Achados clínicos e radiológicos / Abdominal wall repair with acellular bovine pericardial membranes - Part I - Clinical and radiological findings

Introdução: Reduzindo os índices de recidiva de forma impactante, o emprego de biomateriais como "telas de reforço" na reparação de diferentes defeitos da parede abdominal tornou-se rotina quase obrigatória para o sucesso dessas reparações. A partir da década de 1990 houve a introdução de matrizes biológicas acelulares, iniciando-se assim uma nova era na reparação dos defeitos da parede abdominal. O objetivo é avaliar a funcionalidade do pericárdio bovino acelularizado em reparações da parede abdominal. Método: Trinta pacientes foram submetidos a reparação de defeitos da parede abdominal, com biopróteses acelulares de pericárdio bovino, perfazendo um total de 40 implantes anatomicamente individualizados. O seguimento médio foi de 31 meses, sendo os pacientes avaliados clinicamente e radiologicamente. Em três casos foram feitas biópsias das áreas implantadas permitindo análise histológica do material. Resultados: Não se observou recidiva das herniações em nenhum dos casos, tanto clinica como radiologicamente. Também não houve registro de hematomas, infecções ou qualquer fenômeno de natureza reacional local ou sistêmica. Radiologicamente, não foi possível visualizar as matrizes no local de implantação em qualquer dos períodos de pós-operatório analisados. Conclusão: As matrizes mostraram similaridade às demais membranas biológicas descritas na literatura internacional. Representando uma importante atualização e evolução conceitual, as membranas acelulares de pericárdio bovino podem ser incorporadas ao arsenal terapêutico nas reparações de parede abdominal.

Introduction: Reducing recurrence rates significantly, the use of biomaterials as "reinforcement meshes" in the repair of different abdominal wall defects has become an almost mandatory routine for the success of these repairs. From the 1990s onwards, acellular biological matrices were introduced, thus beginning a new era in the repair of abdominal wall defects. The objective is to evaluate the functionality of the acellularized bovine pericardium in abdominal wall repairs. Method: Thirty patients underwent repair of abdominal wall defects using acellular bovine pericardium bioprostheses, making a total of 40 anatomically individualized implants. The average follow-up was 31 months, with patients being evaluated clinically and radiologically. In three cases, biopsies were taken from the implanted areas, allowing histological analysis of the material. Results: No recurrence of herniations was observed in any of the cases, both clinically and radiologically. There were also no records of bruises, infections or any phenomenon of a local or systemic reaction nature. Radiologically, it was not possible to visualize the matrices at the implantation site in any of the postoperative periods analyzed. Conclusion: The matrices showed similarity to other biological membranes described in the international literature. Representing an important update and conceptual evolution, acellular bovine pericardial membranes can be incorporated into the therapeutic arsenal in abdominal wall repairs.

Experimental evaluation of the use of starch and carboxymethylcellulose in the prevention of intraperitoneal adhesions in hernia surgery with coated meshes

ABSTRACT Purpose: Laparoscopic hernia repair involves a risk of adhesion between coated mesh and viscera. Plant polysaccharides such as starch and carboxymethylcellulose (SC) make up a product that acts as a barrier and prevents intraperitoneal adhesions. This study aimed to evaluate whether topical SC can also reduce adhesions between mesh and intra-abdominal organs. Methods: Forty rats each received placement of two intraperitoneal mesh fragments, one on each side of the abdominal wall. Randomly, 20 animals received SC on the right and other 20 on the left, leaving the contralateral side as a control. Fourteen days after the surgery, the animals underwent an additional laparotomy in which macroscopic analysis was performed. Results: As for the percentage of the mesh area affected by adhesion, one (2.6%) animal had > 75% adhesion on the experimental side, and 11 animals (28.9%) on the control side. The adhesion intensity score showed firm adhesions in three (7.9%) animals on the experimental side and nine (23.7%) on the control side. Conclusions: The use of SC decreased the intensity of adhesions and the surface area of the mesh affected by adhesions. There was no negative interference of the product in the incorporation of the mesh into the abdominal wall.

Comparison of long-term clinical outcomes between transvaginal mesh and pelvic floor reconstruction with native tissue repair in the treatment of advanced pelvic organ prolapse / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To study the long-term clinical effect of transvaginal mesh (TVM) and pelvic floor reconstruction with native tissue repair (NTR) in the treatment of advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP).Methods:Totally 207 patients with advanced POP who were treated in Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from Jan. 2016 to Sep. 2019 were enrolled. The patient′s pelvic organ prolapse quantification were all at degree Ⅲ or above, and they all complained for different degree of symptoms. They were divided into two groups according to the different surgical methods, TVM group and NTR group. In TVM group, the mesh was implanted through the vagina for pelvic floor reconstruction, while in NTR group, the traditional transvaginal hysterectomy combined with uterosacral ligament suspension and anterior and posterior wall repair, as well as perineal body repair were performed. The median follow-up time was 60 months, during the follow up time, 164 cases (79.2%, 164/207) had completed follow-up, including 76 cases in TVM group and 88 cases in NTR group. The perioperative data and complication rates of the two groups were compared, and the subjective and objective outcomes of the two groups at 1, 3 and 5 years were observed, respectively. The objective efficacy was evaluated by three composite criteria, namely: (1) the distance from the farthest end of the prolapse of the anterior and posterior wall of the vagina to the hymen is ≤0 cm, and the descending distance of the top is ≤1/2 of the total length of the vagina; (2) determine the disappearance of relevant POP symptoms according to “Do you often see or feel vaginal mass prolapse？”; (3) no further operation or pessary treatment was performed due to prolapse. If the above three criteria were met at the same time, the operation is successful; otherwise, it was recurrence. The subjective efficacy was evaluated by the pelvic floor distress inventory-short form 20 (PFDI-20) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire-short form 7 (PFIQ-7).Results:The median follow-up time of the two groups was 60 months (range: 41-82 months). Five years after the operation, the subjective and objective cure rates of TVM group were 89.5% (68/76) and 94.7% (72/76), respectively. The subjective and objective cure rates in NTR group were 80.7% (71/88) and 85.2% (75/88), respectively. There were significant differences in the subjective and objective cure rates between the two groups ( χ2=9.869, P=0.002; χ2=3.969, P=0.046). The recurrence rate of TVM group was 5.3% (4/76), and that of NTR group was 14.8% (13/88). There was a significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.046). The postoperative PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before surgery, and there were significant differences of the two groups before and after surgery (all P<0.05). Postoperative mesh exposure in TVM group was 1.3% (1/76). Conclusions:The long-term outcomes between the two groups show that the subjective and objective outcomes of pelvic floor reconstruction in TVM group are significantly higher than those in NTR group, and the recurrence rate is significantly lower than that in NTR group. TVM has certain advantages in the treatment of advanced POP.

Different surgical methods in colon anastomosis: experimental study / Diferentes métodos cirúrgicos em anastomose do cólon: estudo experimental

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Although many methods have been defined for colonic anastomosis, anastomotic leak still remains important for sepsis control and successful healing. AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of conventional suture, polyglactin 910 mesh, and omental flap coverage on healing and anastomotic leak in experimental colonic anastomosis in rats. METHOD: This study was conducted on 18 Wistar rats and the animals were divided into three groups as follows: Group 1: primary suture group; Group 2: primary suture plus polyglactin 910 mesh group; and Group 3: primary suture plus omental flap coverage group. Groups were compared in terms of anastomotic bursting pressure, inflammation, fibroblastic activity, neovascularization, and collagen amount. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in anastomotic bursting pressure between Groups 1 and 2 and between Groups 1 and 3 (p=0.004, p<0.05). There was a significant difference in fibroblastic activity between Groups 1 and 3 (p=0.011, p<0.05) and between Groups 2 and 3 (p=0.030, p<0.05). There was a significant difference in neovascularization and collagen between Groups 1 and 2 and between Groups 1 and 3 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This experimental study found that polyglactin 910 mesh and omental flap coverage for colocolic anastomoses improved the physical strength and healing of the anastomosis compared to conventional hand-stitched anastomoses. The polyglactin may be a safe alternative to 910 mesh in cases where the omental flap coverage cannot be used in the colonic anastomosis.

RESUMO - RACIONAL: Embora muitos métodos tenham sido definidos para anastomose colônica, a fistula anastomótica ainda permanece importante para o controle da sepse e a cura bem-sucedida. OBJETIVO: comparar os efeitos da sutura convencional, tela de poliglactina 910 e cobertura de retalho omental na cicatrização e extravasamento anastomótico em anastomose colônica experimental em ratos. MÉTODO: estudo realizado em 18 ratos Wistar, sendo os animais divididos em 3 grupos. Grupo 1: Grupo de sutura primária; Grupo 2: sutura primária com malha de poliglactina 910; Grupo 3: Grupo sutura primária com cobertura de retalho omental. Os grupos foram comparados em termos de pressão de ruptura anastomótica, inflamação, atividade fibroblástica, neovascularização e quantidade de colágeno. RESULTADOS: houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na pressão de ruptura da anastomose entre os Grupos 1 e 2 e os Grupos 1 e 3 (p=0,004, p<0.05). Houve uma diferença significativa na atividade fibroblástica entre os Grupos 1 e 3 (p=0,011, p<0.05) e os Grupos 2 e 3 (p=0,030, p<0.05). Houve uma diferença significativa na neovascularização e colágeno entre os Grupos 1 e 2 e entre os Grupos 1 e 3 (p<0,05, p<0.05). CONCLUSÃO: o estudo experimental demonstrou que a tela de poliglactina 910 e a cobertura do retalho omental para anastomoses colocólicas melhoraram a resistência física e a cicatrização da anastomose em comparação com as anastomoses suturadas manualmente convencionais. A poliglactina pode ser uma alternativa segura à tela 910 nos casos em que a cobertura do retalho omental não pode ser utilizada na anastomose colônica.

Laparoscopic antireflux surgery: are old questions answered? mesh hernioplasty / Cirurgia laparoscópica anti-refluxo: as antigas perguntas são respondidas? hernioplastia com tela

ABSTRACT Hiatal hernias are at high risk of recurrence. Mesh reinforcement after primary approximation of the hiatal crura has been advocated to reduce this risk of recurrence, analogous to mesh repair of abdominal wall hernias. However, the results of such repairs have been mixed, at best. In addition, repairs using some type of mesh have led to significant complications, such as erosion and esophageal stricture. At present, there is no consensus as to (1) whether mesh should be used, (2) indications for use, (3) the type of mesh, and (4) in what configuration. This lack of consensus is likely secondary to the notion that recurrence occurs at the site of crural approximation. We have explored the theory that many, if not most, "recurrences" occur in the anterior and left lateral aspects of the hiatus, normally where the mesh is not placed. We theorized that "recurrence" actually represents progression of the hernia, rather than a true recurrence. This has led to our development of a new mesh configuration to enhance the tensile strength of the hiatus and counteract continued stresses from intra-abdominal pressure.

RESUMO As hérnias hiatais têm alto risco de recidiva. O reforço com tela após a aproximação primária dos pilares hiatais tem sido defendido, para reduzir esse risco de recidiva, análogo ao reparo com tela de hérnias da parede abdominal. No entanto, os resultados de tais reparos foram variados, na melhor das hipóteses. Além disso, os reparos com algum tipo de tela levaram a complicações importantes, como erosão e estenose esofágica. Atualmente, não há consenso sobre 1) se a tela deve ser usada, 2) indicações para uso, 3) o tipo de tela e 4) em qual configuração. Essa falta de consenso provavelmente é secundária à noção de que a recidiva ocorre no local da aproximação crural. Exploramos a teoria de que muitas, se não a maioria, das recidivas ocorrem nas faces anterior e lateral esquerda do hiato, normalmente onde a tela não é colocada. Nós teorizamos que a "recidiva" na verdade representa a progressão da hérnia, em vez de uma verdadeira recidiva, levando ao desenvolvimento de uma nova configuração da tela, para aumentar a resistência à tração do hiato e neutralizar as tensões contínuas da pressão intra-abdominal.

TGF-ß1 and CD68 immunoexpression in capsules formed by textured implants with and without mesh coverage: a study on female rats

Purpose: To evaluate fibrosis formation and number of macrophages in capsules formed around textured implants without and with mesh coverage. Methods: Fibrosis was analyzed through transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) immunomarker expression and the number of macrophages through CD68 percentage of cells in magnified field. Sixty female Wistar rats were distributed into two groups of 30 rats (unmeshed and meshed). Each group was then subdivided into two subgroups for postoperative evaluation after 30 and 90 days. The p value was adjusted by Bonferroni lower than 0.012. Results: No difference was observed in fibrosis between meshed and unmeshed groups (30 days p = 0.436; 90 days p = 0.079) and from 30 to 90 days in the unmeshed group (p = 0.426). The meshed group showed higher fibrosis on the 90th day (p = 0.001). The number of macrophages was similar between groups without and with mesh coverage (30 days p = 0.218; 90 days p = 0.044), and similar between subgroups 30 and 90 days (unmeshed p = 0.085; meshed p = 0.059). Conclusions: In the meshed group, fibrosis formation was higher at 90 days and the mesh-covered implants produced capsules similar to microtextured ones when analyzing macrophages. Due to these characteristics, mesh coating did not seem to significantly affect the local fibrosis formation.

Hérnia umbilical primária: melhor manejo operatório no adulto / Primary umbilical hernia: Best surgical management in adults

RESUMO: Modelo do estudo: Revisão sistemática. Objetivo: Avaliar se é facultativo ou imprescindível o uso de malha cirúrgica no reparo das pequenas hérnias umbilicais primárias, com orifício menor que 2 cm, a fim de oferecer melhores evidências aos cirurgiões e, assim, aprimorar o método cirúrgico e o seu desfecho. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura, cuja busca foi direcionada aos artigos que abordassem o manejo operatório das hérnias abdominais, sobretudo das hérnias umbilicais de pequeno tamanho. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados primárias PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Library e Periódicos CAPES. Resultados: No total, foram incluídos quatro es-tudos. Foram avaliadas as taxas de recorrência, bem como as de complicações pós-operatórias após a correção da hérnia umbilical com e sem o uso de tela, observando-se o tamanho do defeito abdominal. Foi observada diminuição da recorrência das hérnias após o reparo com tela. No entanto, complicações, como infecção da ferida operatória, foram mais comumente observadas com o uso da prótese. Não houve consenso quanto ao uso da tela em hérnias menores que 1 cm. Conclusão: O uso de próteses pode vir a ser o tratamento de escolha no reparo das hérnias umbilicais primárias. Contudo, mais estudos são necessários para avaliar o papel dessa estratégia no manejo das hérnias menores que 1 cm (AU)

ABSTRACT: Study design: Systematic review. Objective: Evaluate whether surgical mesh is optional or essential for the repair small primary umbilical hernias, with an orifice smaller than 2 cm, in order to provide better evidence for surgeons, thus enhancing surgical method and its outcomes. Methods: This is a literature review, whose search was directed towards papers that depicted surgical management of abdominal hernias, especially small umbilical hernias. The research was carried out in the primary the primary databases PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and Periódicos CAPES. Results: A total of four studies were included. Recurrence rates, as well as postoperative complications, were assessed after an umbilical hernia was corrected with or without the use of a mesh, observing the size of the abdominal defect. A reduction in the re-occurrence of hernias was observed when using a mesh. However, complications, such as surgical site infection, were more commonly noticed with the use of the prosthe-sis. There was no consensus regarding the use of the mesh in hernias smaller than 1 cm. Conclusion: The use of surgical mesh may prove to be the treatment of choice for the repair of primary umbilical hernias. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the role of this strategy in the management of hernias smaller than 1 cm. (AU)

Abdomen abierto y cierre temprano de la pared abdominal / Open abdomen and early closure of the abdominal wall

El abdomen abierto es una opción terapéutica en pacientes críticamente enfermos. Se utiliza cuando el cierre de la cavidad abdominal no puede o no debe ser realizado. No obstante, su utilidad como parte de una estrategia tradicionalmente aceptada ha disminuido, en la medida en que se han incrementado las secuelas en la pared abdominal, en especial la hernia ventral. Los procedimientos requeridos para la reconstrucción anatómica y funcional de la pared abdominal, como parte del tratamiento de una hernia ventral, revisten una alta complejidad y constituyen un nuevo escenario quirúrgico. Igualmente, conllevan incertidumbre respecto a su naturaleza y posibles complicaciones, además de que condicionan mayores gastos al sistema de salud. Para evitar los problemas del cierre tardío de la pared abdominal, se han desarrollado alternativas para superar el abordaje tradicional de "tratar y esperar", hacia "tratar y reconstruir" tempranamente. El objetivo de la presente revisión es realizar una descripción de los principales avances en el tratamiento del abdomen abierto y el papel del cierre temprano de la pared abdominal, haciendo énfasis en la importancia de un cambio conceptual en el mismo

The open abdomen is a therapeutic option in critically ill patients. It is used when the closure of the abdominal cavity cannot or should not be performed. However, its usefulness as part of a traditionally accepted strategy has diminished, as sequelae in the abdominal wall, especially ventral hernia, have increased. The procedures required for the anatomical and functional reconstruction of the abdominal wall, as part of the treatment of a ventral hernia, are highly complex and constitute a new surgical scenario. Likewise, they lead to uncertainty regarding their nature and possible complications, in addition to conditioning higher expenses for the health system. To avoid the problems of delayed closure of the abdominal wall, alternatives have been developed to overcome the traditional "try and wait" approach to "treat and reconstruct" early. The objective of this review is to describe the main advances in the treatment of the open abdomen and the role of early closure of the abdominal wall, emphasizing the importance of a conceptual change in it

Analysis of tissue inflammatory response, fibroplasia, and foreign body reaction between the polyglactin suture of abdominal aponeurosis in rats and the intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene, polypropylene/polyglecaprone and polyester/porcine collagen meshes

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare tissue inflammatory response, foreign body reaction, fibroplasia, and proportion of type I/III collagen between closure of abdominal wall aponeurosis using polyglactin suture and intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene, polypropylene/polyglecaprone, and polyester/porcine collagen meshes to repair defects in the abdominal wall of rats. Methods Forty Wistar rats were placed in four groups, ten animals each, for the intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene, polypropylene/polyglecaprone, and polyester/porcine collagen meshes or suture with polyglactin (sham) after creation of defect in the abdominal wall. Twenty-one days later, histological analysis was performed after staining with hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red. Results The groups with meshes had a higher inflammation score (p < 0.05) and higher number of gigantocytes (p < 0.05) than the sham group, which had a better fibroplasia with a higher proportion of type I/III collagen than the tissue separating meshes (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups with meshes. Conclusions The intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene/polyglecaprone and polyester/porcine collagen meshes determined a more intense tissue inflammatory response with exuberant foreign body reaction, immature fibroplasia and low tissue proportion of type I/III collagen compared to suture with polyglactin of abdominal aponeurosis. However, there were no significant differences in relation to the polypropylene mesh group.

Experimental evaluation of intra-abdominal adhesions comparing two different intraperitoneal meshes and the effect of a natural anti-inflammatory product on their formation

Abstract Purpose: In laparoscopic incisional hernia repair, meshes with a tissue-separating barrier are positioned intraperitoneally. Despite this property, the close contact between mesh and viscera involves a risk of adhesion formation. Some natural products, such as red propolis (RP), could reduce these adhesions owing to their anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to compare two different intraperitoneal meshes with respect to their characteristics of adhesion formation, histological findings and evaluate the role of RP in the development of these adhesions. Methods: 40 Wistar rats received placement of two different meshes (Symbotex and Dynamesh IPOM) on peritoneum. The animals were divided into two groups: control group (mesh) and treatment group (mesh and RP). After 7 and 14 days, 20 animals of each group underwent midline laparotomy to determine the adhesions and histological characteristics. Results: Out of the 40 animals, there were two deaths in the test group and two in the control group. All animals in both groups developed adherence to the mesh. At postoperative day (POD) 7, two Symbotex meshes presented firm adhesions and at POD 14, two Dynamesh meshes had firm adhesions as well. The comparison between the meshes under the effect of RP in relation to the control group showed no statistical difference. Conclusions: Both meshes showed intraperitoneal adhesions in all evaluated samples with similar results on the characteristics of adhesions. RP showed no effect on the incidence or gradation of intraperitoneal adhesions with the mesh.

Técnica extraperitoneal comparada con IPOM plus: Análisis de costos evitados para optimizar el manejo de la hernia ventral por laparoscopia / Extraperitoneal technique compared to IPOM plus: Analysis of saved costs to optimize the management of ventral hernia by laparoscopy

Introducción. Analizamos los costos en el reparo extraperitoneal de la hernia ventral por laparoscopia, desde la perspectiva del sistema general de salud de Colombia, con el fin de mostrar los beneficios de dicho abordaje y su impacto económico, al compararlo con la técnica más implementada, el IPOM plus. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis económico de costo-beneficio, desde la perspectiva del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSSS) de Colombia, comparando los costos del reparo de hernia ventral con la técnica extraperitoneal, TAPP o TEP, versus el IPOM plus. Se tomaron como costos de referencia lo establecido en el manual tarifario del Instituto de Seguros Sociales. Los datos fueron analizados con Stata V.15 Resultados. Se recolectó y analizó información de 109 procedimientos; 59 del grupo extraperitoneal TAPP/TEP y 50 del grupo IPOM plus, realizados durante los años 2015 a 2018, por el grupo de pared abdominal de Clínica Colsanitas, identificando un ahorro del 69,8 % o resultados de costo-beneficio a favor del grupo extraperitoneal.Discusión. El abordaje extraperitoneal en el reparo de hernia ventral se consideró una estrategia de alto costo-beneficio para el sistema de salud, validado por la experiencia del grupo de pared abdominal de Clínica Colsanitas, al compararla con el abordaje habitual. Teniendo en cuenta que los insumos utilizados para la disección no cambian, la prótesis utilizada para cada una de las técnicas representa un costo importante a considerar, tanto para el sistema como para las instituciones de salud

Introduction. Costs in the extraperitoneal repair of ventral hernia by laparoscopy were analyzed from the perspective of the general health system of Colombia, in order to show the benefits of this approach and its economic impact, when compared with the most implemented technique, IPOM plus. Methods. A cost-benefit economic analysis was performed from the perspective of the General Social Security System in Health (SGSSS) of Colombia, comparing the costs of ventral hernia repair with the extraperitoneal technique, TAPP or TEP, against IPOM plus. The reference costs were taken as established in the rate manual of the Social Security Institute. Data were analyzed with Stata v.15.Results. Information from 109 procedures was collected and analyzed; 59 of the extraperitoneal group TAPP / TEP and 50 of IPOM plus group, carried out during the years 2015 to 2018, by the abdominal wall group of Clinica Colsanitas, identifying a saving of 69,8 % or cost-benefit results in favor of the extraperitoneal group.Discussion. The extraperitoneal approach in ventral hernia repair was considered a high cost-benefit strategy for the health system, validated by the experience of the abdominal wall group of Clínica Colsanitas, when compared with the usual approach. Given that the inputs used for dissection do not change, the prosthesis used for each of the techniques represents an important cost to consider, both for the system and health institutions

Comparison of the effect of mesh-plug, Lichtenstein, transabdominal preperitoneal, and totally extraperitoneal hernia repair: A network meta-analysis

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To compare Mesh-plug, Lichtenstein, transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP), and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repairs in regards to operation time, seroma, infection, and recurrence of inguinal hernia repair. METHODS Relevant literature was searched in the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, and Embase. Furthermore, the analysis of randomized controlled studies (RCTs) was performed using methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. The main outcomes including operation time, seroma, infection, and recurrence were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 38 RCTs with 3255 patients were included in the meta-analysis. In addition, the comparison between Mesh-plug, Lichtenstein, TAPP, and TEP showed the differences were not significant regarding operation time, seroma, infection, and recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis suggests that Mesh-plug, Lichtenstein, TAPP, and TEP are comparable in the outcomes of hernia repair, such as operation time, seroma, infection, and recurrence.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Comparar as abordagens de tampão com tela (mesh plug), Lichtenstein, transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) e totalmente extraperitoneal (TEP) em relação ao tempo de operação, seroma, infecção e recorrência no reparo de hérnias inguinais. MÉTODOS Estudos relevantes na literatura foram pesquisados nos bancos de dados Cochrane, PubMed e Embase. Além disso, a análise dos estudos clínicos controlados randomizados (RCTs) foi feita utilizando métodos recomendados pela Cochrane Collaboration. Os principais resultados, incluindo tempo de operação, seroma, infecção e recorrência, foram avaliados. RESULTADOS Um total de 38 RCTs com 3.255 pacientes foram incluídos na meta-análise. Além disso, a comparação entre mesh plug, Lichtenstein, TAPP e TEP mostrou que não havia diferenças significativas nos aspectos de tempo de operação, seroma, infecção e recorrência. CONCLUSÕES A meta-análise sugere que mesh plug, Lichtenstein, TAPP e TEP oferecem resultados comparáveis no reparo das hérnia inguinais em relação a tempo de operação, seroma, infecção e recorrência.

Reparación laparoscópica de hernia hiatal gigante: técnica quirúrgica y seguimiento clínico, endoscópico y radiológico / Laparoscopic repair of giant hiatal hernia: surgical technique, and clinical, endoscopic and radiological follow-up

Introducción. La reparación laparoscópica es el estándar de tratamiento en hernia hiatal gigante. Sin embargo, a pesar de su baja morbilidad, la tasa de recurrencia sigue siendo alta. Nuestro objetivo fue describir los resultados de la reparación laparoscópica de hernia hiatal gigante, independientemente de la técnica de cruroplastia empleada.Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes llevados a reparación laparoscópica de hernia hiatal gigante en el periodo 2009-2017. Se analizaron los datos demográficos, la técnica quirúrgica, las complicaciones y la estancia hospitalaria. Se revisaron los resultados de la endoscopia, la radiografía de vías digestivas altas y la escala de síntomas GERD-HRQOL, obtenidos luego de un año de cirugía. Resultados. Se incluyeron 44 pacientes con un tamaño promedio de la hernia de 7 cm. Se practicó cruroplastia con sutura simple en 36,4 %, sutura más refuerzo con politetrafluoroetileno (PTFE) o dacrón, en 59,1 %, y se usó malla en 4,5 %. Hubo 12 complicaciones, la estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 3,5 días y no hubo mortalidad. Se encontró recurrencia endoscópica o radiológica en 6/20 pacientes, todas pequeñas y asintomáticas. En 23 pacientes, la escala GERD-HRQOL reportó un valor promedio de 7,7 y 78 % de satisfacción. Solo un paciente requirió cirugía de revisión. Conclusión. El método preferido de reparación laparoscópica de la hernia hiatal gigante es la cruroplastia sin malla, técnica asociada a baja morbilidad y adecuado control de los síntomas. La tasa de recurrencia es similar a la reportada en la literatura. Se requieren estudios prospectivos con seguimiento completo a largo plazo para validar estos resultados

Introduction: Laparoscopic repair is the standard treatment for giant hiatal hernia. However, despite its low morbidity, recurrence rate remains high. Our goal was to describe the results of laparoscopic repair of giant hiatal hernia, regardless of the technique used for cruroplasty.Methods: A retrospective study of patients undergoing laparoscopic repair of giant hiatal hernia was carried out from 2009 to 2017. Demographic data, surgical technique, complications, and hospital stay were analyzed. The results of endoscopy, radiography of upper digestive tract, and GERD-HRQOL symptoms scale, obtained after one year of surgery, were reviewed.Results: Forty-four patients with an average hernia size of 7 cm were included. Simple suture cruroplasty was performed in 36.4%, suture plus reinforcement with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or Dacron in 59.1%, and mesh repair in 4.5%. There were 12 complications, the average hospital stay was 3.5 days, and there was no mortality. Endoscopic or radiological recurrence was found in 6/20 patients, all small and asymptomatic. In 23 patients, the GERD-HRQOL scale reported an average value of 7.7 and 78% patient satisfaction. Only one patient required revision surgery.Conclusion: The preferred method of laparoscopic repair of giant hiatal hernia is meshless cruroplasty, a technique associated with low morbidity and adequate symptom control. The recurrence rate is similar to that reported in the literature. Prospective studies with long-term follow-up are required to validate these results

Análisis multicéntrico del reparo de la hernia ventral en instituciones de IV nivel, 2015-2019 / Multicenter analysis of ventral hernia repair in IV level institutions, 2015-2019

Introducción. La cirugía de hernia ventral implica una situación de complejidad, dadas las múltiples variables que se deben controlar para estimar los posibles factores determinantes del éxito quirúrgico y la aparición de complicaciones. Según la literatura científica mundial, la incidencia de hernia ventral se estima entre el 10 y el 15 %, y la tasa promedio de complicaciones de esta cirugía varía entre el 10 y el 37 %. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir la experiencia y los resultados de la cirugía de hernia ventral en dos instituciones de IV nivel, en el periodo de enero de 2015 a marzo de 2019.Métodos. Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de cohorte histórica, de pacientes mayores de edad sometidos a corrección de hernia ventral en las Clínicas Colsanitas en los últimos cinco años. Los datos se tomaron del registro estadístico de las instituciones en mención. Resultados. Se incluyeron 612 pacientes en un periodo de cinco años, la mayoría de los cuales era de sexo femenino, con sobrepeso, y predominantemente, con defectos combinados mediales; la tasa general de complicaciones fue del 20 % y, el porcentaje de infección del sitio operatorio, de 9 %; para el desarrollo de esta infección, la técnica de separación de componentes se encontró como un factor de riesgo (p=0,01; RR=2,9; IC 95% 1,32-6,5). En este estudio, no se analizó la recidiva como factor de los diferentes resultados. Conclusiones. Existen pocos datos en la literatura nacional sobre los resultados de este tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico. Es por ello que se procuró brindar a la comunidad científica los resultados de morbimortalidad de esta muestra de pacientes intervenidos por hernia ventral en los últimos cinco años

Introduction: Ventral hernia surgery involves a complex scenario, given the multiple variables that must be controlled to estimate the possible determinants of surgical success and the appearance of complications. Ac-cording to the world literature, the incidence of ventral hernia is estimated between 10% and 15%, and the average complication rate of this surgery varies between 10% and 37%. The objective of this study was to describe the experience and outcomes in ventral hernia surgery in two insti-tutions of IV level, in the period from January 2015 to March 2019.Methods: This is an observational, descriptive and historical cohort study of patients undergoing correction of ventral hernia at Colsanitas Clinics in the last five years. The data were collected from the statistical record of the mentioned institutions.Results: A total of 612 patients were included in a five-year period, most of whom were female, overweight, and predominantly with medial combined defects; the overall complication rate was 20%, and the percentage of op-erative site infection, 9%. From the development of this infection, the component separation was found as a risk factor (p= 0.01; RR= 2.9; CI95% 1.32-6.5). In this study, recurrence was not analyzed as an outcome factor.Conclusions: There is little data in the national literature on the results of this type of surgical procedure, which is why we tried to provide the scientific community with the morbidity and mortality results in our population of patients operated for ventral hernia in the last five years.

Uso de mallas de polipropileno en el reparo de la hernia inguinal con herida sucia o contaminada / Use of polypropylene meshes in the repair of inguinal hernia with dirty or contaminated wound

Introducción. La hernioplastia con malla de polipropileno es la técnica de elección para el reparo de las hernias inguinales. Actualmente, existe controversia sobre esta técnica en pacientes con heridas sucias o contaminadas; sin embargo, la evidencia en la literatura médica ha demostrado que su uso puede ser seguro. Los autores presentan su experiencia con las mallas de polipropileno en la cirugía contaminada para cierre de hernias inguinales.Método. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron los pacientes mayores de 18 años atendidos entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2018 por presentar hernias inguinales, que requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencias, y que presentaban heridas sucias o contaminadas. Los criterios evaluados fueron: infección de la herida quirúrgica, morbilidad y mortalidad, necesidad de remoción de la malla y recurrencia de la hernia.Resultados. Diez pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía de urgencias, requiriendo resección intestinal por necrosis: nueve de ellos, por hernias estranguladas y, uno, por apendicitis perforada. En uno de los diez pacientes, se consideró sucia la herida por presentar necrosis intestinal y perforación. Los nueve restantes presentaban necrosis intestinal sin perforación, por lo cual se consideraron heridas contaminadas. La infección de la herida ocurrió en 1/10 pacientes con infección del sitio operatorio superficial; la eliminación de la malla no fue necesaria en ningún paciente durante todo el período de estudio. No se observaron recidivas y no hubo mortalidad.Conclusión. El uso de malla de polipropileno para la corrección de hernias inguinales, en pacientes con heridas sucias o contaminadas, es efectivo y seguro, con una morbilidad aceptable y buenos resultados a corto plazo

Introduction: Polypropylene mesh hernioplasty is the technique of choice for the repair of inguinal hernias. Currently, there is controversy about this technique in patients with dirty or contaminated wounds. However, evidence in the medical literature has shown its use can be safe. The authors present their experience in the use of polypropylene meshes in contaminated surgery to close inguinal hernias.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in patients older than 18 year-old between January 2017 and December 2018. Were included those with inguinal hernias, requiring emergency surgical treatment, and presented contaminated or dirty wounds. The inclusion criteria were infection of the surgical wound, the need for removal of the mesh removal and recurrence of the hernia.Results: Ten patients underwent emergency surgery, requiring bowel resection for necrosis: nine of them for strangulated hernias and, one for perforated appendicitis. In one of the ten patients, the wound was considered dirty due to intestinal necrosis and perforation. The remaining nine had intestinal necrosis without perforation, so they were considered contaminated wounds. Wound infection occurred in 1/10 patients (10%) with superficial operative site infection; mesh removal was not necessary in any patient during the entire study period. No recurrence was observed and there was no mortality.Conclusion: The use of polypropylene mesh for the correction of inguinal hernias in patients with contaminated and dirty wounds is effective and safe, with acceptable morbidity and good short-term results

Biomechanical and adhesion comparison of linea alba prophylactic reinforcement with coated and uncoated three-dimensional T-shaped mesh in rabbits

Abstract Purpose: Incisional hernia (IH) is a frequent complication of median laparotomy. The use of prophylactic mesh to reduce IH incidence has gained increasing attention. We hypothesized that in an animal model, linea alba prophylactic reinforcement with a three-dimensional T-shaped polypropylene mesh results in greater abdominal wall resistance. Methods: Study was performed in 27 rabbits. After abdominal midline incision, animals were divided into three groups according to the laparotomy closure method used: (1)3D T-shaped coated mesh; (2)3D T-shaped uncoated mesh; and (3) closure without mesh. After 4 months, each animal's abdominal wall was resected and tensiometric tests were applied. Results included IH occurrence, adhesions to the mesh, and wound complications. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in maximum tensile strength (p=0.250) or abdominal wall elongation under maximum stress (p=0.839). One rabbit from the control group developed IH (p=1.00). Small intestine and colon adhesions occurred only in the uncoated mesh group (p<0.001) and the degree of adhesions was higher in this group compared to the coated mesh group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Use of the current 3D T-shaped prophylactic mesh model did not result in a significant difference in tensiometric measurements when compared with simple abdominal wall closure in rabbits.

Neumoperitoneo progresivo preoperatorio para reparo de hernia incisional con pérdida de dominio: Reporte de un caso / Preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum for incisional hernia repair with loss of domain: Case report

Las hernias incisionales con pérdida de dominio (HIPD), tiene una prevalencia entre el 5 - 20%, por su complejidad técnica son un desafío para el cirujano de pared abdominal, debido a la disminución de la compliance abdominal, por atrofia y retracción muscular, así como las complicaciones asociadas al procedimiento. Presentamos el uso preoperatorio del neumoperitoneo progresivo (NPP), como técnica de preparación de la pared abdominal, mediante la colocación de un catéter permanente multipropósito (tipo pig tail) guiado por tomografía computarizada, para un paciente masculino de 69 años, agricultor, portador de colostomía por vólvulo de sigma, que presentó sepsis abdominal secundaria a dehiscencia de anastomosis, que derivó en colostomía, y formación de HIPD de 25 x 15 cm. Los beneficios del NPP son: reduce el tamaño de la segunda cavidad formada, facilita la colocación de la malla, disminuye la tensión en el cierre de la pared abdominal y el desarrollo del síndrome de hipertensión intraabdominal, por lo tanto, una menor probabilidad de recidiva postquirúrgica. La técnica de reparación utilizada fue liberación del músculo transverso del abdomen (TAR), que está indicada en HIPD con buenos resultados en cuanto a recidiva y complicaciones asociadas. Conclusiones: La reparación de HIPD, es técnicamente difícil, porque se afecta la compliance de la pared abdominal, más aún en nuestro caso por la presencia de colostomía. La optimización de la pared abdominal preoperatoria con técnica de neumoperitoneo progresivo más técnica TAR es una de las opciones válidas que se dispone para lograr este objetivo

Incisional hernias with loss domain (HIPD), has a prevalence between 5 - 20%, due to its technical complexity are a challenge for abdominal wall surgeon, because decrease in abdominal compliance, for muscle atrophy and retraction, as well as complications associated with the procedure. We present the preoperative use of progressive pneumoperitoneum (NPP), as a technique for preparing the abdominal wall, by placing a multipurpose permanent catheter (pig tail type) guided by computed tomography, for a 69-year-old male patient, farmer, and colostomy carrier. by sigma volvulus, which presented abdominal sepsis secondary to anastomosis dehiscence, which led to a colostomy, and HIPD formation of 25 x 15 cm. The benefits of NPP are: it reduces the size of the second cavity formed, facilitates the placement of the mesh, reduces the tension in the closure of the abdominal wall and the development of intra-abdominal hypertension syndrome, therefore a lower probability of post-surgical recurrence. The repair technique used was release of the transverse muscle of the abdomen (TAR), which is indicated in HIPD. Conclusions: HIPD repair is technically difficult because compliance of the abdominal wall is affected, even more so in our case due to the presence of a colostomy. Optimization of the preoperative abdominal wall with the progressive pneumoperitoneum technique plus the TAR technique is one of the valid options available to achieve this goal

Does a bilateral polypropylene mesh alter the duct deferens morphology, testicular size and testosterone levels? Experimental study in rats

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of a PP mesh on duct deferens morphology, testicular size and testosterone levels. Methods Forty adult male rats were distributed into groups: 1) no surgery; 2) inguinotomy; 3) mesh placed on the duct deferens; and 4) mesh placed on the spermatic funiculus. After 90 postoperative days, the inguinal region was resected, and blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum testosterone (pg/dl). The ducts deferens were sectioned in three axial sections according to the relationship with the mesh — cranial, medial and caudal. The wall thickness and duct deferens lumen area were measured. Results The morphology of the duct deferens was preserved in all groups. The mesh placement did not alter this morphology in any of the analyzed segments. Surgery, with or without mesh placement, did not alter the morphology, wall thickness or lumen area (p>0.05). In all operated groups, serum testosterone levels were similar (p>0.05) but there was a decrease in testicle size (p<0.05). Conclusion Surgery, with or without mesh placement, did not alter the morphology of the duct deferens and, although this treatment resulted in testicular size reduction, it did not affect serum testosterone levels.

The use of titanium mesh for defect closure after posterior spinal decompression / Uso de malla de titanio para el cierre de defecto después de la descompresión posterior de la columna / Uso de malha de titânio para fechamento de defeito após a descompressão posterior da coluna

ABSTRACT Objective: The number of revision surgical interventions for degenerative spine disorders has increased steadily. However, the formation of adhesions is one of the more serious conditions accompanying this type of surgery. There are some generally accepted options for its prevention, such as delicate surgical technique, preserving the integrity of spinal canal, and the use of different synthetic materials in the form of gels, plates and membranes to delimit the dural sac from the surrounding soft tissues. The main disadvantages of the described methods are their high cost and the need for a large volume of material in prolonged surgical interventions. Therefore, the development of new methods for prevention of adhesions formations is of paramount importance. The use of titanium mesh is, potentially, an effective and relatively cheap method of preventing the formation of adhesions in spinal surgeries. Methods: We have prospectively analyzed the outcomes of treatment of 40 patients suffering from degenerative spine disease who underwent surgical intervention with titanium mesh implantation in our department between October 2017 and December 2017. Conclusion: The results of our study led us to conclude that the use of titanium mesh enables the surgeon to delimit the dural sac in multilevel spinal decompression surgeries, contributing to closure of the defect in spinal canal and significantly reducing treatment costs. Level of evidence III; Control Case Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: O número de intervenções cirúrgicas de revisão dos distúrbios degenerativos da coluna está aumentando constantemente. Entretanto, a formação de aderências é uma das condições mais graves que acompanha esse tipo de cirurgia. Existem algumas opções geralmente aceitas para sua prevenção, como uma técnica cirúrgica delicada, a preservação da integridade do canal espinhal e o uso de diferentes materiais sintéticos na forma de géis, placas e membranas para delimitar o saco dural dos tecidos moles adjacentes. As principais desvantagens dos métodos descritos são o alto custo e a necessidade de um grande volume de material em intervenções cirúrgicas prolongadas. Portanto, o desenvolvimento de novos métodos para a prevenção de formações de aderências é de suma importância. O uso da malha de titânio é, potencialmente, um método efetivo e relativamente barato de prevenir a formação de aderências nas cirurgias da coluna. Métodos: Analisamos prospectivamente os desfechos do tratamento de 40 pacientes com doença degenerativa da coluna vertebral e que passaram por uma intervenção cirúrgica com implante de malha de titânio no nosso departamento entre outubro de 2017 e dezembro de 2017. Conclusão: Os resultados do nosso estudo levaram-nos a concluir que o uso da malha de titânio permite que o cirurgião delimite o saco dural em cirurgias de descompressão da coluna em multiníveis, contribuindo para o fechamento do defeito no canal espinhal e, significativamente, reduzindo o custo do tratamento. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo de Caso Controle.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El número de intervenciones quirúrgicas de revisión de los procesos degenerativos de la columna está aumentando constantemente. Entretanto, la formación de adherencias es una de las condiciones más graves que acompañan a este tipo de cirugía. Existen algunas opciones generalmente aceptadas para su prevención, como una técnica quirúrgica delicada, la preservación de la integridad del canal espinal y el uso de diferentes materiales sintéticos en forma de geles, placas y membranas para delimitar el saco dural de los tejidos blandos adyacentes. Las principales desventajas de los métodos descritos son el alto costo y la necesidad de un gran volumen de material en intervenciones quirúrgicas prolongadas. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de nuevos métodos para la prevención de formaciones de adherencias es de suma importancia. El uso de la malla de titanio es, potencialmente, un método efectivo y relativamente barato de prevención para la formación de adherencias en las cirugías de columna. Métodos: Hemos analizado prospectivamente los resultados del tratamiento de 40 pacientes con enfermedad degenerativa de la columna vertebral y que pasaron por una intervención quirúrgica con implante de malla de titanio en nuestro departamento entre octubre de 2017 y diciembre de 2017. Conclusión: Los resultados de nuestro estudio nos llevaron a concluir que el uso de la malla de titanio permite que el cirujano delimite el saco dural en cirugías de descompresión de la columna en multiniveles, contribuyendo para el cierre del defecto en el canal espinal y, significativamente, reduciendo el costo del tratamiento. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio de caso de control.

Long-term outcome (5-10 years) after non absorbable mesh insertion compared to partially absorbable mesh insertion for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate long-term (5-10 years) outcomes of Minimally Invasive Surgical (MIS) kit insertion with Prolift® (non-absorbable) mesh compared to the use of Prolift M® (partially absorbable), for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair. Study design: In this retrospective study we compared women undergoing MIS kit Prolift® insertion (n=90) vs. Prolift M® insertion (n=79) for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair between 2006 and 2012 at our Institution. A number of 169 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Results: During the study period 128 women (76%) completed full follow-up; of them 58 (73%) following MIS kit Prolift® insertion, and 70 (88%) following MIS kit ProliftM® insertion. There was no significant difference between the Prolift® and Prolift M® regarding parity (3.04 vs. 2.88, p=0.506), presence of hypertension (24.1% vs. 39.1%, p=0.088), diabetes mellitus (3.4% vs. 11.6%, p=0.109), or urinary stress incontinence (39.7% vs. 47.1%, p=0.475). All participants had been diagnosed with POP grade 3 or 4 before the procedure. No significant complications during the procedure or postoperative period were identified in the study groups. The follow-up period was at least five years in duration for both groups. Both groups were comparable according to questionnaires focused on function and satisfaction. Conclusion: Patients undergoing MIS kit Prolift® and Prolift M® insertion for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair had comparable early and late postoperative outcomes. No differences in patient's function and satisfaction between the two groups were identified. According to our findings, there is no superiority to either of the two studied mesh devices.